Is this the end?

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Marius Drechsler 2024-08-28 20:50:39 +02:00
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@ -310,7 +310,11 @@ At $s=6$ metrics, the biggest metric offset we encounter is $phi = 1/16$ at $i =
This biggest (or maximum) offset is of particular interest to us, as it tells us how far we deviate from the original quantizer used during enrollment.
The maximum offset for a 2-bit configuration $phi$ is $1/16$ and we only introduce smaller offsets in between if we use a higher even number of metrics.
More formally, we can define the maximum metric offset for an even number of metrics as follows:
More formally, we can define the maximum metric offset as follows:
$ phi_"max" = frac(floor(frac(S,2)), 2^M dot S dot 2) $
/*More formally, we can define the maximum metric offset for an even number of metrics as follows:
$ phi_("max,even") = frac(frac(S,2), 2^M dot S dot 2) = frac(1, 2^M dot 4) $<eq:max_offset_even>
Here, we multiply $phi$ from @eq:offset by the maximum metric index $i_"max" = S/2$.
@ -322,8 +326,9 @@ $
phi_"max,odd" &= frac(frac(S-1, 2), 2^n dot S dot 2)\
&= lr(frac(S-1, 2^M dot S dot 4)mid(|))_(M=2, S=3) = 1/24
$
It is important to note, that $phi_"max,odd"$, unlike $phi_"max,even"$, is dependent on the parameter $S$ as we can see in @tb:odd_offsets.
*/
//It is important to note, that $phi_"max,odd"$, unlike $phi_"max,even"$, is dependent on the parameter $S$ as we can see in @tb:odd_offsets.
It is important to note, that $phi_"max"$ is dependent on the parameter $S$ if $S$ is an odd number.
#figure(
table(
@ -336,11 +341,11 @@ It is important to note, that $phi_"max,odd"$, unlike $phi_"max,even"$, is depen
caption: [2-bit maximum offsets, odd]
)<tb:odd_offsets>
The higher $S$ is chosen, the closer we approximate $phi_"max,even"$ as shown in @eq:offset_limes.
The higher $S$ is chosen, the closer we approximate $phi_"max"$ for even choices of $S$, as shown in @eq:offset_limes.
This means, while also keeping the original quantizer during the reconstruction phase, the maximum offset for an odd number of metrics will always be smaller than for an even number.
$
lim_(S arrow.r infinity) phi_"max,odd" &= frac(S-1, 2^M dot S dot 4) #<eq:offset_limes>\
lim_(S arrow.r infinity) phi_"max,odd" &= frac(floor(frac(S,2)), 2^M dot S dot 2) = frac(S-1, 2^M dot S dot 4) #<eq:offset_limes>\
&= frac(1, 2^M dot 4) = phi_"max,even"
$
@ -365,21 +370,25 @@ Furthermore, the transformation into the Tilde-Domain could also be performed us
== Experiments<sect:smhd_experiments>
We tested the implementation of @sect:smhd_implementation with the dataset of @dataset.
The dataset contains counts of positives edges of a toggle flip flop at a set evaluation time $D$. Based on the count and the evaluation time, the frequency of a ring oscillator can be calculated using: $f = 2 dot frac(k, D)$.
The dataset contains counts of positives edges of a ring oscillator at a set evaluation time $D$. Based on the count and the evaluation time, the frequency of a ring oscillator can be calculated using: $f = 2 dot frac(k, D)$.
Because we want to analyze the performance of the S-Metric method over different temperatures, both during enrollment and reconstruction, we are limited to the experimental measurements of @dataset which varied the temperature during the FPGA operation.
We will have measurements of $50$ FPGA boards available with $1600$ and $1696$ ring oscillators each. To obtain the values to be processed, we subtract them in pairs, yielding $800$ and $848$ ring oscillator frequency differences _df_.\
We will have measurements of $50$ FPGA boards available with $1600$ and $1696$ ring oscillators each.
The two measurement sets are obtained from different slices of the FPGA board where the only difference to note is the number of ring oscillators available.
To obtain the values to be processed, we subtract them in pairs, yielding $800$ and $848$ ring oscillator frequency differences _df_.\
Because we can assume that the frequencies _f_ are i.i.d., the difference _df_ can also be assumed to be i.i.d.
To apply the values _df_ to our implementation of the S-Metric method, we will first transform them into the Tilde-Domain using an inverse CDF, resulting in uniform distributed values $tilde(x)$.
Our resulting dataset consists of #glspl("ber") for quantization symbol widths of up to $6 "bits"$ evaluated with generated helper-data from up to $100 "metrics"$.
In the following section, we will often set the maximum number of metrics to be $S=100$.
This choice refers to the asymptotic behaviour of the @ber and can be equated with the choice $S arrow infinity$.
//We chose not to perform simulations for bit widths higher than $6 "bits"$, as we will see later that we have already reached a bit error rate of approx. $10%$ for these configurations.
#pagebreak()
=== Results & Discussion
The bit error rate of different S-Metric configurations for naive labelling can be seen in @fig:global_errorrates.
For this analysis, enrollment and reconstruction were both performed at room temperature. //and the quantizer was naively labelled.
#figure(
image("../graphics/25_25_all_error_rates.svg", width: 95%),
image("../graphics/25_25_all_error_rates_fixed.svg", width: 90%),
caption: [Bit error rates for same-temperature execution. Here we can already observe the asymptotic #glspl("ber") for higher metric numbers. The error rate is scaled logarithmically here.]
)<fig:global_errorrates>
@ -398,7 +407,7 @@ This tendency can also be shown through @fig:errorrates_changerate.
Here, we calculated the quotient of the bit error rate using one metric and 100 metrics.
From $M >= 6$ onwards, $(op("BER")(1, 2^M)) / (op("BER")(100, 2^M))$ approaches $~1$, which means, no real improvement is possible anymore through the S-Metric method.
==== Helper data volume impact
==== Impact of helper data size
The amount of helper data bits required by @smhdt is defined as a function of the number of metrics as $log_2(S)$.
The overall extracted-bits to helper-data-bits ratio can be defined here as $cal(r) = frac(M, log_2(S))$
@ -409,6 +418,7 @@ The overall extracted-bits to helper-data-bits ratio can be defined here as $cal
inset: 7pt,
align: center + horizon,
[$bold(M)$], [$1$], [$2$], [$3$], [$4$], [$5$], [$6$],
[$bold(S)$], [$2$], [$4$], [$8$], [$16$], [$32$], [$64$],
[*@ber*], [$0.012$], [$0.9 dot 10^(-4)$], [$0.002$], [$0.025$], [$0.857$], [$0.148$],
),
caption: [S-Metric performance with same bit-to-metric ratios]