Started writing the introduction
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@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ In fact, we will show later, that the amount of helper-data bits used by this HD
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We can generalize the idea of @sect:1-bit-opt and apply it for a higher-order bit quantization.
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Contrary to @smhdt, we will always use the same step function as quantizer and optimize the input values $x$ to be the furthest away from any decision threshold.
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In this higher-order case, this means that we want to optimise out input values as close as possible to the middle of a quantizer step or as far away as possible from a decision threshold of the quantizer instead of just maximising the absolute value of the linear combination.
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In this higher-order case, this means that we want to optimise out input values as close as possible to the middle of a quantizer step or as far away as possible from the nearest decision threshold of the quantizer instead of just maximising the absolute value of the linear combination.
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Two different strategies to find the linear combination arise from this premise:
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1. *Center point approximation*: Finding the linear combination that best approximates the center of a quantizer step, since these points are the furthest away from any decision threshold.
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@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ Thus we will define a vector $bold(cal(o)) in.rev {cal(o)_1, cal(o)_2 ..., cal(o
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Its cardinality is $2^M$, while $M$ defines the number of bits we want to extract through the quantization.
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It has to be noted, that $bold(cal(o))$ consists of optimal values that we may not be able to exactly approximate using a linear combination based on weights and our given input values.
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In comparison to the 1-bit sign-based quantization, we will not be able to find a linear combination of only two input values that approximates the optimal points we defined earlier.
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In comparison to the 1-bit sign-based quantization, a linear combination with only two addends does not achieve sufficiently accurate results.
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Therefore, we will use three or more summands for the linear combination as this give us more flexible control over the result of the linear combination with the helper data.
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Later we will be able to show that a higher number of summands for $z$ can provide better approximations for the ideal values of $z$ at the expense of the number of available input values for the quantizer.
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@ -176,8 +176,8 @@ To perform reconstruction, we can construct the same linear combination used dur
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=== Maximum quantizing bound distance approximation
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Instead of defining the optimal positions for $z$ with fixed values, we can also provide a more loose definition of $bold(cal(o))$.
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Let's consider the following example:
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Instead of defining the optimal positions for $z$ $bold(cal(o))$ with fixed values, we can find the linear combination with the greatest distance to the nearest boundary.
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This way, we will do things
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== Experiments
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@ -1,24 +1,20 @@
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#import "@preview/glossarium:0.4.1": *
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= Introduction
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These are the introducing words
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#gls("puf", display: "Physical unclonable functions (PUF)")
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== Notation
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To ensure a consistent notation of functions and ideas, we will now introduce some required conventions
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To ensure a consistent notation of functions and ideas, we will now introduce some conventions
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Random distributed variables will be notated with a capital letter, i.e. $X$, its realization will be the corresponding lower case letter, $x$.
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Vectors will be written in bold text: $bold(k)$ represents a vector of quantized symbols.
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Matrices are denoted with a bold capital letter: $bold(M)$
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We will call a quantized symbol $k$. $k$ consists of all possible binary symbols, i.e. $0, 01, 110$.
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A quantizer will be defined as a function $cal(Q)(x, bold(a))$ that returns a quantized symbol $k$.
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We also define the following special quantizers for metric based HDAs:
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A quantizer used during the enrollment phase is defined by a calligraphic $cal(E)$.
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For the reconstruction phase, a quantizer will be defined by a calligraphic $cal(R)$
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@example-quantizer shows the curve of a 2-bit quantizer that receives $tilde(x)$ as input. In the case, that the value of $tilde(x)$ equals one of the four bounds, the quantized value is chosen randomly from the relevant bins.
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#figure(
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